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EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH ALIMENTARY TRACT SYNDROMES 11 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease. . 80 William L. Hasler, Chung Owyang 12 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. . .. 89 Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian 13 Video Atlas of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. . 116 Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian SECTION III DISORDERS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 14 Diseases of the Esophagus. . .. . 118 Peter J. Kahrilas, Ikuo Hirano 15 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders. . .. 134 John Del Valle 16 Disorders of Absorption. . 165 Henry J. Binder 17 The Schilling Test. . 186 Henry J. Binder 18 Inflammatory Bowel Disease. . .. 188 Sonia Friedman, Richard S. Blumberg 19 Irritable Bowel Syndrome. . 215 Chung Owyang 20 Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders. . 224 Rizwan Ahmed, Susan L. Gearhart 21 Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency. . 236 Rizwan Ahmed, Mahmoud Malas 22 Acute Intestinal Obstruction. . .. 240 Danny O. Jacobs 23 Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis. . 247 Danny O. Jacobs SECTION IV INFECTIONS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 24 Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning. . 254 Regina C. LaRocque, Edward T. Ryan, Stephen B. Calderwood 25 Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis. 263 Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson 26 Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses. . 269 Miriam Baron Barshak, Dennis L. Kasper 27 Helicobacter pylori Infections. 279 John C. Atherton, Martin J. Blaser CONTENTS Gastroenterology_ 28 Salmonellosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 David A. Pegues, Samuel I. Miller 29 Shigellosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296 Philippe J. Sansonetti, Jean Bergounioux 30 Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms. 302 Martin J. Blaser 31 Cholera and Other Vibrioses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Matthew K. Waldor, Edward T. Ryan 32 Viral Gastroenteritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Umesh D. Parashar, Roger I. Glass 33 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Rosa M. Andrade, Sharon L. Reed 34 Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330 Peter F. Weller 35 Intestinal Nematode Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Peter F. Weller, Thomas B. Nutman SECTION V EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH LIVER DISEASE 36 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease. . . . .346 Marc G. Ghany, Jay H. Hoofnagle 37 Evaluation of Liver Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Daniel S. Pratt SECTION VI DISORDERS OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY TREE 38 The Hyperbilirubinemias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Allan W. Wolkoff 39 Acute Viral Hepatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373 Jules L. Dienstag 40 Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . .402 William M. Lee, Jules L. Dienstag 41 Chronic Hepatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Jules L. Dienstag 42 Alcoholic Liver Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Mark E. Mailliard, Michael F. Sorrell 43 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Manal F. Abdelmalek, Anna Mae Diehl 44 Cirrhosis and Its Complications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 Bruce R. Bacon 45 Atlas of Liver Biopsies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471 Jules L. Dienstag, Atul K. Bhan 46 Genetic, Metabolic, and Infiltrative Diseases Affecting the Liver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Bruce R. Bacon 47 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. . . . . . 482 Norton J. Greenberger, Gustav Paumgartner SECTION VII LIVER TRANSPLANTATION 48 Liver Transplantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 Raymond T. Chung, Jules L. Dienstag SECTION VIII DISORDERS OF THE PANCREAS 49 Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514 Darwin L. Conwell, Norton J. Greenberger, Peter A. Banks 50 Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520 Darwin L. Conwell, Peter A. Banks, Norton J. Greenberger SECTION IX NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 51 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers. . . . . . . . . . 540 Robert J. Mayer 52 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549 Robert J. Mayer 53 Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree. . . . . . . . . . . 559 Brian I. Carr 54 Pancreatic Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .574 Elizabeth Smyth, David Cunningham 55 Endocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580 Robert T. Jensen Gastroenterology SECTION X NUTRITION 56 Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment. . .. 608 Johanna Dwyer 57 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess. . 619 Robert M. Russell, Paolo M. Suter 58 Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment. . .. 635 Douglas C. Heimburger 59 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy. . .. 644 Bruce R. Bistrian, L. John Hoffer, David F. Driscoll SECTION XI OBESITY AND EATING DISORDERS 60 Biology of Obesity. . .. 660 Jeffrey S. Flier, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier 61 Evaluation and Management of Obesity. . 670 Robert F. Kushner 62 Eating Disorders. . 680 Victor I. Reus 63 The Metabolic Syndrome. . .. 682 Robert H. Eckel Review and Self-Assessment. . 691 Charles M. Wiener, Cynthia D. Brown, Brian Houston Index. . 741